BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of lumbar brucellosis has gradually increased. The surgical approach and treatment of lumbar brucellosis are not the same. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively summarize the clinical data of patients with lumbar brucellosis treated by One-stage anterior debridement, bone graft, and internal fixation, and provide clinical evidence for anterior surgery for Lumbar brucellosis. METHODS: A retrospective study of 16 patients with lumbar spondylosis treated by anterior surgery in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2017 was performed to analyze the clinical manifestations, surgical methods and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Surgical treatment of 16 patients. The average drug treatment was (3.59±0.67) months, and the VAS scores before and after treatment were 8.06±1.38 and 0.75±0.70. The Cobb angles before and after treatment were 38.24±5.40 and 5.86±11.92.CONCLUSION: The advantages of anterior approach for the treatment of lumbar brucellosis: clear surgical field, complete removal of the lesion, and no damage to the posterior column structure of the lumbar spine, which is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the spine, restoring the height of the diseased segment and playing a certain orthopedic effect. The trauma is small, the nerve decompression is sufficient, and at the same time, the activity can be performed early on the basis of strong internal fixation, and the perioperative complications are significantly reduced.