Lumbar spondylolysis is one of the common causes of low back pain in adolescents. It is more likely to occur in L5, followed by L4. It can also occur in L4 and L5 at the same time. Other segments are less likely to occur. It is usually on the basis of congenital dysplasia or bone weakness that the lumbar isthmus is subjected to repeated stress, resulting in isthmus fatigue fracture. Some scholars think that it has a certain genetic tendency. The treatment of adolescent lumbar spondylolysis can be divided into two methods: conservative treatment and surgical treatment. The former mainly includes restricting activity, bed rest, wearing brace, drug analgesia, physical therapy and so on. The latter mainly includes isthmus repair, single vertebra internal fixation + bone grafting, interbody fusion and minimally invasive surgery. This article reviews the pathogenic factors and treatments of lumbar spondylolysis in adolescents.