[Objective] To analyze the biomechanical stability of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with unilateral and bilateral pedicle screws cement augmentation. [Method] Six lumbar samples (L1-5 spinal units)of fresh corpses were tested. These lumbar samples were tested by experimental machine under axial compression, flexion, extension, right and left lateral bending state before and after different fixations. Images of the forward and lateral views were obtained using two CCD cameras. Using Image J software, we calculated the vertical displacement of fixed segments in the lateral view by measuring the marker’s movement. Then the data were statistically processed. [Results] The stability of 5 loading modes after TLIF with bilateral pedicle screws cement augmentation and unilateral pedicle screws cement augmentation improved compared to preoperative state, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with TLIF by bilateral pedicle screws cement augmentation, significant difference exists under left lateral bending state (P<0.05) and no differences showed up under flexion, extension, right (augmentation side) lateral bending state (P＞0.05). [Conclusion] The stability obtained by the two ways of pedicle screw cement augmentation is almost the same. TLIF combined with unilateral pedicle screw cement augmentation is recommendable in clinical work.