Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the safety of simple anterior-lateral lumbar interbody fusion (ALLIF) for the treatment of mild degree single-segment degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and influence on the lumbar imaging parameters. [Methods] A total of 115 patients with mild (Ⅰ or Ⅱ degree) single-segment DLS who underwent surgical treatment were divided into ALLIF group (n=54) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion group (TLIF group, n=61). The perioperative situation of the two groups were compared, the visual analog scale (VAS) score of lumbar and leg pain and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) were evaluated, the disc height (DH), segmental lordotic angle (SL), SP percentage % (SP) were measured by imaging. [Results] The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, postoperative drainage volume, activity time, hospital stay in the ALLIF group were lower than those in the TLIF group (P<0.05). At 1 week, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, the back pain/leg pain VAS score and ODI score of the two groups were lower than before surgery (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). At 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery, the DH and SL in the two groups were higher than before surgery, and the ALLIF group were higher than the TLIF group (P<0.05), the SP in both groups was reduced (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). [Conclusion] ALLIF is safe and effective in the treatment of mild single-segment DLS, and has the advantages of less trauma and faster postoperative recovery than TLIF. It may be more advantageous in recovering lumbar lordosis and intervertebral space.