Objective: To compare the clinical effect of two internal fixation methods including interlocking intramedullary nails and locking compression plate in the treatment of humeral throwing fractures. Methods: From January 2010 to January 2017, a total of 83 patients with humeral throwing fractures were treated with two internal fixation methods, they were interlocking intramedullary nails (38 cases were included in the intramedullary nail group) and locking compression plate (45 cases were included in the plate group), respectively. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, incisional complications and radial nerve injury incidence rates, postoperative Neers shoulder scores and Mayo elbow scores at 1, 3 and 6 months in both groups were recorded, compared and analyzed, respectively. Results: The operations of both groups were successfully completed with an average of 14.6 (12-18) months follow-up. There was no significant difference in operative time, postoperative Neers shoulder scores and Mayo elbow scores at 6-month between the two groups (P>0.05). Intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, incisional complications and radial nerve injury incidence rates, postoperative Neers shoulder scores and Mayo elbow scores at 1 and 3 months in both groups werestatistically different (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both interlocking intramedullary nails and locking compression plateinternal fixation methods are reliable for the treatment of humeral throwing fractures. And intramedullary nail internal fixation has advantages of less surgical trauma, shorter fracture healing time and lower surgical complications, etc.