Bone nonunion is one of the common and intractable complications in orthopedics. It not only prolongs the treatment cycle of the disease, increases the burden on the family and society, but even induces severe consequences such as deformity and disability. However, accordion technology based on Ilizarov''s tension stress rule has a significant effect in the treatment of the disease. It is found that the stress effects of traction, pressure and axial fretting can stimulate the growth of vascular endothelial growth factor, increase the blood supply at the broken end, promote bone healing, and stimulate bone morphobinding protein to induce bone growth. In addition, accordion technology can also activate osteogenesis related signaling pathways to further promote bone growth and healing. Therefore, this paper will review the molecular mechanism of accordion in the treatment of bone nonunion, in order to provide a reference for the study of the molecular mechanism of accordion in the treatment of bone nonunion.