【Abstract】With the maturity and popularity of intravenous Doppler ultrasound, the diagnostic rate of isolated calf muscular vein thrombosis (ICMVT) is getting higher and higher in perioperative period of total hip or knee arthroplasty. However, there is currently no consensus about the clinical significance and management of ICMVT at home and abroad. Recently, some scholars believe that ICMVT tend to propagate proximally and may lead to pulmonary embolism, leading to serious clinical consequences. Thus it is recommended that anticoagulant therapy may be necessary for ICMVT. On the contrary, some studies consider ICMVT as benign thrombus and claim that conservative treatment such as repeated Doppler examination and physiotherapy is sufficient. Hence, we have summarized and compared the studies of high-level evidence that were published during 2000.1-2019.12, aiming to enhance the understanding and management of ICMVT.