[Objective] to review and summarize The risk factors and preventive measures of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) formation after hip and knee arthroplasty were reviewed, providing references and directions for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of DVT patients after joint replacement and further studies. [Methods]  The domestic and foreign literature of the risk factors and prevention measures of deep vein thrombosis after THA and TKA in recent years were reviewed. [Results] Inflammatory factors and homocysteine play important roles in the development of DVT.At the level of molecular regulation, several regulatory factors, such as microRNA (miRNA) expressed by endothelial cells, mRNA and silence information regulator 1, are correlated to the occurrence of DVT.Clinical indicators such as D-dimer level and inflammatory cell ratio can better predict DVT. [Conclusions] The risk factors for the occurrence of VTE are multifaceted and multi-level. On the basis of paying attention to the three major pathological causes, appropriate assessment and intervention of new risk factors will help guide the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and improvement of clinical VTE and prognosis of patients.