There are various kinds of thoracolumbar braces currently, which are widely used in clinic. However, there are some problems and controversies need to be recognized and solved. At home and abroad, there are many researches on the thoracolumbar braces for the prevention and treatment of spinal deformity, but there are few reports about the thoracolumbar braces for the thoracolumbar fracture. There is still no agreement regarding the biomechanical mechanism, effectiveness and wearing time of thoracolumbar braces in the prevention and treatment of thoracolumbar fracture. Here, this manuscript have reviewed the types of thoracolumbar braces, biomechanical researches, clinical applications and so on.