[Objective]To compare the pedicle screw placement accuracy and the fluoroscopic dose of robotic-guided and fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures[Methods]The medical records of 86 patients with thoracolumbar fractures without neurological injury admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, which were divided into robotic-guided group and fluoroscopy-guided group.The clinical outcome and radiographic index were compared between two groups.[Results]The operation time of robotic-guided group was significantly lesser than fluoroscopy-guided group(P<0.001). The intraoperative hemorrhage and hospital stay showed no significant difference between groups(P>0.05).The incision length was significantly longer than fluoroscopy-guided group(P<0.001).The VAS scores and the incidence of early complications showed no significant difference between groups(P>0.05).The fluoroscopic frequency,fluoroscopy time and fluoroscopy dose of the robot-guided group were significantly lesser than fluoroscopy-guided group(P<0.001).The accuracy of pedicle screws was 95.6% (241/252) and 87.8% (232/264) respectively.The situation of implanting pedicle screw showed significant difference between the two groups (χ2=17.001，P=0.001).The convergence angle of the robot-guided group was significantly greater than fluoroscopy-guided group(P<0.001), and the distance between the screw and the articular surface of the robot-guided group was significantly longer than that of the fluoroscopy-guided group(P＜0.001)[Conclusion]Robot-guided percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures could improve the accuracy of implant,reduce fluoroscopic frequency,reduce operation time,reduce fluoroscopic dose and improve safety of operation，which had a great prospect to be applied.