Objective To explore the clinical effect of deepening posterior fibular groove combined with reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum in the treatment of peroneal tendon dislocation. Methods From June 2014 to October 2018, 18 patients with peroneal tendon dislocation were treated with fibular tendon groove deepening combined with the superior peroneal retinaculum reconstruction. After operation, the patients were followed up with visual analogpain score（VAS）, active range of motion（AROM）, American orthopaedic foot and ankle society ankle-hindfoot（AOFAS-AH）, dislocation recurrence rate. Results ① all the patients completed the operation, and there was no dislocation recurrence after the operation.② the VAS score and AOFAS-AH score of 6 months after operation were significantly better than those before operation. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between AROM and before operation (P > 0.05).③There was no significant difference in VAS score and AOFAS-AH score of 12 months after operation compared with 6 months after operation (P > 0.05). AROM was significantly better than 6 months after operation (P < 0.01). Conclusions The treatment of peroneal tendon dislocation with deepening peroneal tendon groove and reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum could not only provide sufficient volume and bone block for peroneal tendon, but also ensure the dynamic stability of tendon in the active movement of ankle joint.