[Objective] Through statistical analysis of a large number of clinical cases, advantages and disadvantages of percutaneous pedicle screw system in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures were evaluated.[Methods]During June 2014 and August 2018 in our hospital and cooperation hospital surgical treatment of 588 patients with thoracolumbar fractures as research object, the operation method of random group, experimental group 300 cases, 174 cases of male, female 126, age (40.31±10.99), the soft channel percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system restoration, control group 288 cases, 168 cases of male, female 120 cases, age (39.71 ±11.02), the traditional open pedicle screw internal fixation. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, length of time in hospital, VAS pain grade, vertebral height recovery, Cobb Angle correction and follow-up were compared and analyzed.[Results] the operative time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay (61.28±6.28min, 64.90±3.14ml, 7.98±0.56cm, 10.59±1.23d) of the minimally invasive soft-channel group were all lower than those of the open group (74.95±3.11min, 395.11±57.06ml, 13.49±0.89cm, 13.05±1.49d). Vertebral height was restored in both groups (52.79±4.33 in the experimental group and 52.86±4.20 in the control group). After operation, the Cobb Angle (3.91±3.44 in the experimental group and 4.02±3.38 in the control group) was significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (17.38±3.97 in the experimental group and 17.59±3.72 in the control group). There was no statistically significant difference in the loss of height correction of the late vertebral body (2.17±1.15 in the experimental group and 2.06±0.89 in the control group) (p>0.05). The incidence of complications in the percutaneous minimally invasive group was 1.00% lower than that in the open group (1.39%), and there was no difference in postoperative pain between the two groups. However, during follow-up, the rate of complications in the experimental group was 2.05±0.82 lower than that in the control group (2.35.49±0.64) (p<0.05). [Conclusion] take the percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw system internal fixation for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, a number of indicators is better than the open group, can shorten the operation time, less blood loss, reduce the incidence of complications, safe and effective, worthy of clinical promotion, but technology more difficult,and longer learning process.