【Abstract】Objective: To investigate the influence of recombinant human erythropoietin on hematology in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Sixty patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty from September 2015 to October 2018 were enrolled, including 30 patients without rHuEPO injection (control group) and 30 patients with rHuEPO 10000IU once daily injection (rHuEPO group). Blood routine examination, routine coagulation test and thrombelastography were performed 1 day before surgery, 1 day after surgery and 7 days after surgery. Doppler ultrasonography for bilateral lower limbs was performed before surgery and 7 days after surgery to detect the presence of DVT or not, whether the patient received blood transfusion and blood transfusion volume were also record. Results: The transfusion rate and the volume of allogeneic blood transfused in the rHuEPO group were lower than those in the control group .The comparison between the two groups showed that the RBC in the rHuEPO group was higher than that in the control group 7 days after surgery. HCT and Hb in the rHuEPO group were higher than those in the control group 1 day and 7 days after surgery, and there was no significant difference in Plt between the two groups（P＞0.05）. There was no significant difference in the coagulation indexes between the two groups at the three time point（P＞0.05）. There were significant differences in R, K, Alpha, MA, and CI between the two groups at different time points（P＜0.05）, while there was no significant difference in TEG between the two groups at the same time point（P＞0.05）.Doppler ultrasonography for bilateral lower limbs showed no significant difference in the incidence rate of DVT between the two groups 7 days after surgery（P＞0.05）. Conclusion: Subcutaneous injection of rHuEPO can improve postoperative anemia-related parameters, reduce the transfusion rate and the volume of blood transfused, and has no significant impact on the formation of bilateral lower limbs thrombosis in patients with THA.