[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of one-stage posterior unilateral partial laminectomy and latent expanded spinal canal decompression, focal debridement, interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis. Methods Retrospective analysis of 35 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis who were treated with one-stage posterior unilateral partial laminectomy and latent expanded spinal canal decompression from January 2008 to January 2014.There were 22 males and 13 females, aged from 23 to 68 years, with an average age of 50.5 years. The course of disease ranged from 2 months to 10 years, with an average of 20 months. Thirty-five cases had varying degrees of low back pain, 15 cases had symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning, 30 cases had pain and numbness of lower limbs with hypoesthesia, and 2 cases had cauda equina neurosis. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by ASIA grading of nerve function, Bridwell grading of bone fusion, visua analogue scale(VAS), lumbosacral angle, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) C-reactive protein(CRP). Results All the 33 cases healed in the first stage, and 2 cases were infected. They were treated with sufficient drainage, irrigation and dressing change, secondary debridement and suture, and finally healed, no serious complications. The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 72 months, with an average of 30 months. During the follow-up period, the symptoms of low back pain, numbness of lower limb pain and tuberculosis poisoning were significantly relieved. According to ASIA scores criteria, grade A in 0, grade B in 0, grade C in 5, grade D in 12 and grade E in 18 patients preoperatively, which improved to grade D in 2 and grade E in 33 patients at last .According to Bridwell grading of bone fusion criteria, gradeⅠin 2 and gradeⅡin 33. At the last follow-up, VAS, lumbosacral Angle, ESR and CRP were（0.20±0.47）,（26.86±1.96）°,（7.83±1.50）mm/h,（2.43±0.96）mg/l respectively, which were significantly improved compared with those before operation（t=23.830,p＜0.0001;t=26.744,p＜0.0001;t=13.713，p＜0.0001;t=15.892,p＜0.0001）,have statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion One-stage posterior partial laminectomy and latent expansion of spinal canal is an alternative treatment for lumbosacral tuberculosis,which can effectively clear the lesion, retain more lumbar posterior column structure, reconstruct lumbar curvature, maintain the stability of the lumbosacral segment and reduce postoperative complications.