Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most challenging complications after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Although the medical community has made extensive efforts in identifying pathogenic microorganisms, the culture results tend to have a higher false negative rate. In the absence of positive culture results, the correct diagnosis of infection, reasonable treatment, and the selection of the right antibiotics face enormous challenges. Therefore, how to improve the positive rate of bacterial culture around the prosthesis is extremely important in clinical practice. Therefore, this article reviews recent articles on the diagnosis of infection around the prosthesis in order to improve the diagnosis rate of clinical peri-implant infection.