[Background] With the improvement of minimally invasive techniques in spinal surgery and the popularization of ERAS concept, there is no doubt that the two kinds of minimally invasive techniques have unique advantages in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures without neurological and spinal cord symptoms. However, there are few reports on the characteristics and technical points of the two minimally invasive techniques. [Objective] To compare the clinical efficacy of two minimally invasive approaches, channel-assisted percutaneous screw placement and modified Wiltse screw placement, in the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures, and to analyze the advantages, disadvantages and technical points of the two approaches. [Method] 76 cases of thoracolumbar fracture Dennis (type I, II) without nerve and spinal cord injury were selected from January 2014 to January 2018. They were divided into two groups according to their different surgical methods for retrospective analysis. In group A (n = 40 cases) and group B (n = 36 cases), the operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, VAS score, CK-MB level, Cobber angle and vertebral height ratio, Oswestry dysfunction score and other related indicators of the two groups were analyzed statistically. [Result] Both groups were followed up. The intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization days, early VAS score and CK-MB level of group A were significantly better than those of group B, but the operation time of group B was shorter than that of group A. There was no significant difference in the recovery of obber angle and Oswestry function score between the two groups. [Conclusion] Both methods can reduce and fix thoracolumbar fracture well, and can accelerate the recovery after operation on the premise of guaranteeing patients'satisfaction. Percutaneous nailing group has obvious advantages in intraoperative bleeding volume, functional recovery after operation, hospitalization days and pain relief, especially in the aesthetic aspects of small incision. However, the intermuscular approach nailing group can be popularized in grass-roots hospitals because of its short operation time, stronger operability and easy grasp。