Hip arthroplasty is one of the most common and successful orthopedic surgeries. The main indication of hip arthroplasty is femoral neck fracture, in clinical application, the traditional non-osseous cement femoral prosthesis has a higher risk of femoral fracture and collapse and increases the possibility of revision, there are also defects such as proximal-distal mismatch, non-ideal load transfer, bone loss, thigh pain, and periprosthetic fractures and so on. In the past two decades, hip arthroplasty has undergone a continuous development process, and short-shank prosthesis has gradually become a substitute for traditional non-bone cement femoral prosthesis, and has a series of advantages: keeping bone mass (high neck bone resection), keeping anatomic antegrade of femoral neck, reducing cortical stress, reducing residual thigh pain, prolonging the service life of prosthesis, and more suitable for minimally invasive surgery and so on. At present, there are no relevant guidelines on the application of non-bone cement femoral short shank prosthesis in femoral neck fracture, and it depends more on the experience of clinicians. This paper will expound the advantages and application status of the non-bone cement femoral short shank prosthesis from the aspects of intraoperative situation and postoperative complications.