[Objective]Investigate the clinical efficacy of treating single-segmental lumbar tuberculosis via OLIF technique combined posterior wiltes approach internal fixation.[Methods] From March 2015 to March 2018, according to different surgical methods, 40 patients with single-segmental lumbar tuberculosis undergoing operation in our hospital were divided into OLIF technique combined with posterior Wiltes approach internal fixation group (Minimally invasive group) and traditional anterior approach combined with posterior internal fixation group (The traditional group). During perioperative period, the operative time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and hospitalization days of the patients in the two groups were recorded. During follow-up, patients were assessed for lumbar pain, nerve function recovery, bone graft fusion and focal healing.[Results]There was no statistically significant difference in operative time between the two groups (P>0.05), while the length of abdominal incision, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, and length of hospitalization in Minimally invasive group were all lower than those in The traditional group (P<0.05). VAS scores of postoperative low back pain in the two groups were lower than those before surgery,showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). VAS scores of lower back pain in minimally invasive group were lower than those in the traditional group at each postoperative period, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). ESR and CRP of the two groups were significantly decreased 6 months after surgery and at the last follow-up compared with that before surgery, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in correction degree and loss degree of Cobb’s Angle between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of bone graft fusion and the cure rate of lesions between the two groups (P>0.05).[Conclusion]Compared with the opaertion of traditional anterior and posterior approaches, OLIF technique combined with posterior Wiltes approach in the treatment of single-segmental lumbar tuberculosis has a similar curative effect, but it has less trauma, fewer postoperative complications and faster recovery.