Eosinophilic granuloma of the clavicle is a rare type of eosinophilic granuloma, which often presents as osteolytic destruction on imaging and is prone to clinical misdiagnosis. This paper reported a case of acidophilic granuloma of the clavicle that had been misdiagnosed as malignant tumor in another hospital. Combined with literature review, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment were summarized, and Suggestions for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease were proposed.