Objective To investigate the advantage and disadvantage of the modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion assisted by microendoscope for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods 129 patients were reviewed retropestively which suffered degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis which were treated by microendoscopic, during which the decompression and interbody fusion were performed From July 2015 to July 2017. All the patient’s clinical manifestation was persistence pain of low back with one or two legs pain. The dynamic X-ray show spondylolisthesis，but the displacement was not more than Ⅰ degree. According to the approach of the operation the cases were divided into two groups. There were 59 cases in traditional group which were decompressed and fused with traditional transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion assisted by microendoscope, and 70 cases in modified group which were treated by modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion assisted by microendoscope. Record the operation time, blood loss, complications and short term therapeutic effection. The clinical short term outcome were assessed by Macnab criteria. Results All the operation were finished successfully and the patiens were followed up for a period of 12-26 months (means 18months). In traditional group, the mean operative time was 146.3±15.0 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 150.5±15.8 ml. Complications occurred in 4 cases including of dural tear( 2 cases) and incomplete never root injury (2 cases). 36 cases was excellent , 20 cases was good and 3 cases was fair according to the Macnab criteria at the latest following up. In modified group, the mean operative time was 123.0±17.3 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 120.3±10.2ml, and incomplete never root injury occoured in 1 cases. 40 cases was excellent , 28 cases was good and 2 cases was fair according to the Macnab criteria at the latest follow up time. Conclusion The technique of modified transforaminal transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion assisted by microendoscope can provide a less operation time and less blood loss and less nerve injury than traditional TLIF assisted by microendoscope for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.