Abstract: The incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) is high and the social burden is heavy. However, the mechanism of OA pain is still unclear. In this review, we reviewed the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the pathogenesis of OA pain and its association with the pathogenesis and development of OA (interleukin-1 (IL-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and mechanical load). Since NGF is an important molecule in OA pain, we summarized four types of drugs targeting NGF. In addition, we discussed the future prospects of NGF/TrkA antagonists in the treatment of OA pain and emphasized their potential in the relief of OA pain.