Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of One-stage posterior focus debridement, correction, bone graft and internal fixation in the surgical treatment of thoracic lumbar spinal tuberculosis kyphosis with abscess in children.[Methods]From January 2014 to February 2018,16 children who suffered from thoracic lumbar spinal tuberculosis kyphosis with abscess,including 6 males and 10 females, aged from 3 to 14 years old, with an average age of 7.4±3.6 years old,were surgically treated with one-stage posterior focus debridement, correction, bone graft and internal fixation.The local kyphotic Cobb’s angle,ESR,CRP,neurological function before and after operation were evaluated.[Result]All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months with an average of 21.2±7.6 months.Postoperative CT and MRI scan showed paravertebral abscesses were cured after operation.All incisions healed perfectly without spinal cord injury or deterioration of paralysis.There were significant difference between preoperative and last follow up kyphotic Cobb’s angle,which decreased from 44.62°±15.98°in average preoperative to 11.75°±7.99°in average when last follow up. The neurological function in all 16 patients were recovered at different levels after operation.[Conclusion] One-stage posterior focus debridement,correction, bone graft and internal fixation is effective in treating children thoracic lumbar spinal tuberculosis kyphosis with abscess.