[objective] to summarize the clinical experience in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vascular injury in arthroscopic popliteal cyst resection.[Methods] the clinical data of 4 patients with vascular injury who underwent arthroscopic popliteal cyst resection in the department of Orthopedics of our hospital from March 2014 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.[Results] 3 cases of vascular injury were definitely caused by intracapsular resection, while 1 case was highly suspected to be caused by intracapsular resection. All 4 patients recovered well after operation.[conclusion]Through the treatment of arthroscopic resection of articular capsule valvular and selective resection of posterior cyst ventricular flap and intracapsular fibrous septum, the surgical method not only simplifies the surgical process and reduces the occurrence of vascular injury complications, but also has high postoperative effect and low recurrence rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion.