[Objective]To introduce a novel robot system with independent arm (XGK-6508A; Xin Junte Surgical Technologies, Shenzhen, China) that has been developed and tested as a surgical assistant for auto-placement of K-wire and to compare the accuracy of this robotic system with a conventional open approach free-hand instrumentation in lumbar fusions. [Methods]22 Patients were randomized assigned to robot‐assisted, posterior lumbar interbody fusion Group (RG) or a conventional, freehand, open‐approach, posterior lumbar interbody fusion Arm (FG) .According to preoperative planning and intraoperative fluoroscopic images, the robotic system automatically completed registration and K-wire placement under the supervision of the surgeon. Results were measured based on the postoperative imaging: Deviation Distance(DD), Deviation Angle(DA). We also evaluate the accuracy of the pedicle screws using Gertzbein-Robbins classification, proximal joint violation were recorded. [Results]The average DA of K-wire from preoperative surgeon’s plan was 6.04±6.07°in the RG, 20.01±16.16°in the FG in coronal panel in X-Ray（P＜0.001），1.53±2.84°in the RG, 4.28±4.14°in the FG in sagittal panel in X-Ray（P＜0.001）.As for the Screws, the average deviation angel in axial panel（RG：5.57±5.35°，FG：6.76±4.87°；P=0.109）and in sagittal panel （RG：0.79±1.57°，FG：3.77±3.17°；P＜0.001）show higher accuracy of the robotic system compared to free-hand approach. [Conclusion]The novel robotic system offers a number of benefits: significant accuracy, fully-automatic, outstanding ability to follow a preoperative plan over the conventional techniques. Further studies with larger patient populations are warranted.