Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of kyphoplasty on vertebral compression fractures of osteoporosis; Methods Patients with vertebral compression fractures from March 2018 to November 2018 were enrolled in the hospital and “vertebral balloon kyphoplasty” were followed up. The pain scores and functions before and after surgery were recorded to evaluate the surgical outcome; Results The VAS score and ODI score of patients after operation were significantly lower. Statistical analysis showed statistical significance.Surgical complications with obvious symptoms were not observed；Conclusions Posterior kyphoplasty can effectively relieve the pain of patients with vertebral compression fractures and improve their quality of life.