Objective to investigate the factors affecting acute myomyelitis after spinal cord shock, decompression of lumbar fracture, fusion of bone graft and internal fixation in patients with lumbar fracture and spinal cord injury. Methods The literature of acute myomyelitis after spinal cord fracture was reviewed and analyzed. Results Spinal fracture spinal cord injury is common in clinic, but spinal cord fracture is rare in operation. Medical workers should pay attention to it. Conclusion Acute myomyelitis after spinal fracture is rare in clinical practice, and the risk of acute myomyelitis should be considered in the early stage of spinal cord injury.