Abstract Background Cartilage cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell co-culture research more widely；Cartilage cell cultivation process complicated and difficult； How to simplify the total training process, looking for a simple experiment method is worth studying. Objection To explore the influence of the microenvironment of the rabbit articular cartilage to RBMSCs by rabbit articular cartilage and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, RBMSCs) mixed co-culture。 Methods： Whole bone marrow adherent culture isolated and cultured RBMSCs。taking the 3rd generation of cells are chloromethyl-benzamidodial-kyl carbocyanine （CM-DiI）labeled。New Zealand white rabbit articular cartilage, carefully prepared into 0.5×0.5cm2 size。 Experiment is divided into three groups: Group A: simple RBMSCs group; Group B: articular cartilage block + RBMSCs group C: simple articular cartilage group; each group of 12 hole; to observe Under microscope, and photographic record. To detect the expression of toluidine blue staining and collagen II immunohistochemical staining after the7,14, 21d""s . Results： After 3 weeks, the cells of group A form even, neat, fish shaped or radial ; group B the Cell morphology of RBMSCs by long spindle cells form gradually into a small triangle or irregular shape, Some cells into a polygon or elliptic, cell density increased, Under the inverted phase contrast microscope visible to the typical " Paving stone " change; toluidine blue staining positive and type II collagen immunohistochemical positive, conform to the characteristics of chondrocytes and cartilage block is visible on a large number of RBMSCs attached with growth; Group C cartilage survival, no cell growth.. Conclusions : the microenvironmen of Rabbit articular cartilage created can promote RBMSCs points in the direction of chondrocytes, RBMSCs can grow in the rabbit articular cartilage block surface; For the use of non -induced BMSCs transplantation intra-articular cartilage damage repaired provide some experimental basis .